1860 Census and Summaries
Industries Using Enslaved Labor
This table shows the data on companies in the manufacturing census in Augusta cross referenced with the Augusta slaveholders census schedule. Slaveholders in Augusta predominated in low-skill industries, while artisans in Augusta rarely owned slaves.
| Industry | No. Man. own Slaves | No. Establishments | No. Slaves Employed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Distilleries | 13 | 18 | 118 |
| Flour Mills | 24 | 43 | 251 |
| Lumber | 5 | 7 | 27 |
| Sawmills | 12 | 19 | 115 |
| Foundries | 4 | 4 | 48 |
| Wagon Makers | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Carriage Makers | 1 | 5 | 1 |
| Blacksmiths | 3 | 16 | 6 |
| Coopers | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Saddle/Harness Makers | 3 | 4 | 5 |
U.S. Census Office, Eighth Census [1860]. Population of the United States in 1860, Compiled from the Original Returns of the Eighth Census. Washington, D. C., 1864. U.S. Census of Population, 1860. Augusta County, Virginia and Franklin County, Pennsylvania. In U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Eighth Census of the United States, 1860. Washington: National Archives and Records Administration (Augusta: Reels 1333 and 1387. Franklin: Reels 1111 and 1112).