Valley of the Shadow
The Eve of War
Fall 1859–Spring 1861

1860 Census and Summaries

High Bell Precincts in the 1860 Presidential Election


Bell districts were poorer than the county average. They held slaves in the same proportion as the county average, but their overall household wealth fell significantly below average. They devoted much more of the crop production to corn.

Precinct n % for Bell Mean Household Wealth Median Household Wealth (in dollars) Mean Farm Value (in dollars) Median Farm Value (in dollars) Corn as a percent of Total Grain Wheat as a percent of Total Grain Percent of Households with Slaves
County Average 2886 66 12,416 5,791 8,521 5,360 57% 23% 26%
Churchville 170 86.1 10,399 5,261 6,925 3,925 68% 18% 20%
Deerfield 85 90.1 7,592 3 3,152 2,000 67% 10% 24%
Craigsville 85 83.5 6,501 4,807 4,541 3,900 71% 11% 29%