Valley of the Shadow
The Eve of War
Fall 1859–Spring 1861

1860 Census and Summaries

Laborers in the Counties


This table shows the percentage of various laboring occupations that owned at least some real or personal wealth and their average ages. Laborers in both counties accumulated some real and personal wealth.

Augusta Franklin
Occupation Average Age Own Real Estate Own Personal Prop. Average Age Own Real Estate Own Personal Prop.
Laborer 29 6 % 38 % 35 24 % 65 %
Day Laborer 28 6 % 44 % 35 20 % 65 %
Farm Laborer 34 11 % 47 % 24 6 % 26 %

U.S. Census Office, Eighth Census [1860]. Population of the United States in 1860, Compiled from the Original Returns of the Eighth Census. Washington, D.C., 1864. U.S. Census of Population, 1860. Augusta County, Virginia and Franklin County, Pennsylvania. In U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Eighth Census of the United States, 1860. Washington: National Archives and Records Administration (Augusta: Reels 1333 and 1387. Franklin: Reels 1111 and 1112)